Why We Still Ignore Intentional Destructive Electromagnetic Threats to Power Systems
Times have changed. If we are to tell the truth, the world war is already well underway. This article will explain what the consequences of the intentional use of destructive electromagnetic attacks on the power system actually are. There are… Read more
Sep 15, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

P28 Study in Modern Power Systems: What Is It and Why It Matters So Much Nowadays
The reliable operation of modern power systems depends not only on the robustness of infrastructure but also on the technical standards that govern their design, operation, and connection requirements. In the United Kingdom, these standards are developed and maintained by…...
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Sep 08, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif

The Most Costly Traps in the Engineering of a Substation Automation System (SAS)
The development of the engineering process is crucial in any SAS project. Sometimes it takes longer than expected and in extreme scenarios may put corporate deadlines for accomplishing entire substation projects at risk. There are several main factors that can… Read more
Sep 01, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Mistakes in generator protection that operators often make
Protecting a generator requires more than just a single relay. It’s a system that includes auxiliary relays, communication with SCADA or similar systems, wiring from CTs and PTs (sometimes called VTs), and protective relays, which can be standalone devices or… Read more
Jul 21, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Islanding in DER-Integrated Distribution Systems: Planning, Control, and Anti-Islanding Protection
The global energy landscape is undergoing a transformative shift, with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, battery energy storage systems, and controllable loads becoming increasingly prevalent in modern distribution networks. This article explores the planning, control,…...
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Jul 14, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif

Twelve power system studies obligatory for the designing the offshore AC substation
This technical article describes the offshore AC substation design studies that involve more than one component or even the complete system. This involves reliability, availability and maintenance issues as well as system properties like total substation power, reactive power management,… Read more
Jun 09, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

The Problems of Modern Distribution Systems in the Age of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
The evolution of power distribution networks is being shaped by unprecedented growth in distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly rooftop solar and other inverter-based technologies. Traditionally designed for one-way power flow from substations to end-users, distribution systems are now experiencing reverse…...
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Jun 02, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif

What is a Load Flow Study in Power Engineering
Load flow, sometimes known as power flow, are phrases that may be used interchangeably in power engineering. This term refers to a network solution that forecasts steady-state currents, voltages, and both real and reactive power flows across each branch and… Read more
May 26, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Behind upgrading the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation
Let’s look at the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation that needs refurbishing and uprating as an illustration of the complicated mix of concerns that need to be considered. It shows that there are more than just financial factors to…...
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May 19, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Why do power grid crashes and total blackouts happen?
Minimizing the likelihood of blackouts is of the highest importance due to the significant effects that would result from partial or total blackouts in highly industrialized nations. Additional difficulties have been and will be posed by the growing use of…...
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May 12, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Best practices in earthing of metallic fences in HV outdoor substations
It is recommended that all substations have a perimeter fence surrounding the area where the electrical equipment is housed. As far as security measures go, it is the first line of defense. For the extra layer of protection, competent workers… Read more
Apr 21, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Seven steps to improve visual impact of a power substation
The aesthetics of the substation should be of greatest significance to the community. To ensure environmental compatibility and community acceptance, it is vital to involve the community in the early stages of a project. It is possible that environmental impact… Read more
Mar 17, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Design of Auto/Manual Changeover Logic Between Two Busbars Within a Substation
In any industry/plant, the operations rely heavily on interruption free supply of power to meet the targets of production. As a result, we see emergency generators, UPSs or renewable energy sources to save us from complete shutdown. This back-up or…...
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Mar 10, 2025 | By Umer Nasir

What is Time Grading in Relay Protection
What are time grading and relay coordination in protection philosophy? Let’s try to figure out how to grade (or rank) the relays’ operation times so that the one nearest the problem operates first. In Radial Distribution Systems, time-graded protection works… Read more
Mar 07, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Technical Documentation for a Turnkey Substation
A Turnkey Substation is a substation that is designed, constructed, and commissioned by a Service Provider according to the specifications established by the Customer. A Service Provider is an entity (business) that provides services to other entities (companies). The Customer,…...
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Feb 17, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
