Are your switchgear and electrical room safe?
What is safe when it comes to an older electrical equipment and internal-arc flash in electrical room. Substation operators generally assume that with the covers and doors closed, the switchgear is in a totally safe work condition. This technical article… Read more
Jul 07, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

The intricacy of medium-voltage circuit breaker ratings
When you look at the IEC 62271-100 for MV breaker ratings, you will likely find a bunch of rated-something ratings. It could be hard for young engineers to catch up with all ratings, especially since several ratings are similar in… Read more
Apr 07, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

How to configure medium voltage switchgear: Key influences and stress variables
Let’s discuss the most critical factors that influence the correct configuration of medium-voltage switchgear. As you will see below, for the most common applications of MV switchgear, there are at least six main categories that are very important in the… Read more
Feb 10, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Good operating practices for switchgear circuit breakers and contactors
The purpose of this guideline is to provide suggested practices for the operation and inspection of medium voltage (2 to 13.8 kV) and low voltage (200 to 480 volt) draw-out switchgear circuit breakers and contactors. Good operating practices are critical… Read more
Jan 20, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Design Engineering For Battery Energy Storage Systems: Sizing, Selection and Operation
In this technical article we take a deeper dive into the engineering of battery energy storage systems, selection of options and capabilities of BESS drive units, battery sizing considerations, and other battery safety issues. We will also take a close…...
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Jun 10, 2024 | By Kitab Paul Shah

BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) in LV and MV Power Networks: Practical Guide
This article aims to inform the reader about the applications, procurement, selection & design, and integration of BESS (battery energy storage systems) into LV and MV power networks. The intended audience is project and design engineers who shall perform procurement…...
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May 27, 2024 | By Kitab Paul Shah

Modern practice for LV/MV substation and power distribution systems within buildings
In the present era, the presence of reliable and uninterrupted electricity is commonly assumed in the majority of nations. Nevertheless, in many nations, this is susceptible to frequent disruptions caused by a range of issues, including as insufficient supply, inefficient… Read more
Dec 18, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Capacitor banks in substations: Schemes, relay settings, and protective measures
Let’s discuss capacitor banks, but this time, not the basics. Let’s study the double-star capacitor bank configuration and protective techniques used in the substations. How important is to choose the right current transformer ratio, calculate rated and maximum overload currents,…...
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Nov 27, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Thoughtful considerations to design MV/LV distribution substations for extended service life
The installation of a new MV/LV electrical substation is often part of a more global project, and it is not always the subject of very detailed attention. However, the consideration of simple and practical criteria is not always dictated by… Read more
Sep 04, 2023 | By Power Systems and Services

Six different ways to start a medium-voltage motor you should know about
The AC induction motor is a key component of the modern world economy. These motors are used in industrial facilities all over the world to power the equipment that boosts productivity and efficiency. However, during motor start-up, many industrial activities… Read more
Jan 02, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

How to design the power supply for data centres and airports while megawatts of loads rise fast
The first choice for service and distribution voltage is almost always 480 volts. Why is that? Well, it’s because it’s traditional, it has a safe design and specifications are already written around 480 V. UPS and backup aggregate equipment are…...
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Dec 26, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi

Failure cases of LV/MV electrical equipment and what should have been done (to avoid them)
Generally, the useful life of power system components heavily depends upon the level of care given to them and their duty cycles. For example, a circuit breaker on mainly switching duty can last 40 to max. 50 years. The majority…...
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Dec 19, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi

LV/MV power substation equipment and wiring requirements you must understand
The space requirements of a power substation depend on the equipment to be housed, and on whether a new building can be erected for it or it has to be fitted into an existing building. In the case of an… Read more
Jun 06, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi

Medium voltage switchgear: Important design considerations and applications
This technical article explains various aspects of the application of medium voltage switchgear and highlights the considerations for the selection of suitable circuit breakers for different applications. Medium voltage switchgear, commonly known as MV switchgear, play a significant role in…...
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Mar 14, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi

The most popular wiring schemes and design essences of a Ring Main Unit (RMU)
In terms of operational requirements, it is pretty evident what a customer expects out of a Ring Main Unit – a hassle-free and uninterrupted distribution of power supply to electrical loads from one or more available sources. The onus is…...
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Feb 07, 2022 | By Bishal Lamichhane
