Power Substation
Comprehensive Guide to Transformer Specification: Ensuring Compliance with IEC 60076 – Part 1
Power transformers are the backbone of modern electrical infrastructure, enabling the efficient transmission and distribution of electricity across vast networks. Given their critical role in maintaining grid stability and power quality, transformers must be designed, manufactured, and tested in accordance… Read more
Feb 24, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Technical Documentation for a Turnkey Substation
A Turnkey Substation is a substation that is designed, constructed, and commissioned by a Service Provider according to the specifications established by the Customer. A Service Provider is an entity (business) that provides services to other entities (companies). The Customer,…...
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Feb 17, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
How to configure medium voltage switchgear: Key influences and stress variables
Let’s discuss the most critical factors that influence the correct configuration of medium-voltage switchgear. As you will see below, for the most common applications of MV switchgear, there are at least six main categories that are very important in the… Read more
Feb 10, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: Insights into CB and isolator test and service positions
Interlocking systems are critical to the safe and efficient operation of high-voltage substations, ensuring proper sequencing of equipment operations and preventing dangerous scenarios such as simultaneous energization or grounding. This technical article delves into the intricacies of the 380kV interlocking…...
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Feb 03, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
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Design of Emergency Diesel Generator Control Circuit Logic for Integration with the Utilities
Many utilities have diesel generators added to their energy mix to act as an emergency back-up source when a power shutdown occurs. These emergency generators cannot thwart the entire system from going down but are critical for safe shutdown of…...
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Jan 27, 2025 | By Umer Nasir
Low Voltage
Good operating practices for switchgear circuit breakers and contactors
The purpose of this guideline is to provide suggested practices for the operation and inspection of medium voltage (2 to 13.8 kV) and low voltage (200 to 480 volt) draw-out switchgear circuit breakers and contactors. Good operating practices are critical… Read more
Jan 20, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: One-and-a-half breaker scheme analysis
This article delves into various aspects of the one-and-a-half breaker scheme applied to 380kV GIS switchgear, starting with its benefits and operational framework. It further examines the critical interlocking concepts, including open and closed positions, the “under operation” state (dangerous…...
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Jan 13, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy Generation
The issue of a proper phase sequence (CW or CCW) on electric motors and generators
Phase sequence or phase rotation is one of the most confusing concepts in the electrical engineering. It is often confused with motor rotation. For instance, one would say: “If it doesn’t turn the way you want it, just rewire two… Read more
Jan 06, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Machines
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Maintenance Practices to be Followed for On-Site Generator Overhauling
This discussion will focus on the on-site overhauling of a gas-powered generator, detailing the essential procedures for its enhancement. It is a common practice for utilities to test electrical assets periodically after a certain interval of time mainly as part…...
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Dec 30, 2024 | By Umer Nasir
High Voltage
Best practice for providing LV supply into high earth potential rise sites in substations
During the passage of earth-fault current a substation earth electrode is subjected to an earth potential rise. Potential gradients develop in the surrounding ground area and these are highest adjacent to the substation earth electrode. The earth potential rise reduces… Read more
Dec 23, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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What is Interlocking in substations, and what is it for?
Interlocking in substations is a critical aspect of power system protection and control, designed to ensure the safe and efficient operation of substation equipment. The primary objective of interlocking is to prevent hazardous situations, such as energizing an earthed circuit…...
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Dec 16, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
Measures to reduce interference from Variable Speed Drives
Often referred to as Variable Frequency Drives, AC Variable Speed Drives (VSD) generate a great deal of electrical interference. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is the standard method for controlling motor speed in VSDs. The quick rise and fall times of… Read more
Dec 09, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Once Again, the Entire Island of Cuba Falls Into Darkness as Power Grid Collapses
HAVANA, December 4 – Cuba announced the initiation of power restoration following the collapse of the island’s electrical grid, marking the latest incident in a series of statewide blackouts that highlight the deteriorating condition of the country’s power generating infrastructure…. Read more
Dec 04, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Voltage transformer selection scheme in complex substations
In substations, voltage transformers (VTs) are used extensively for energy metering, protection relay operations, and synchronization checks. Their design includes multiple cores, each dedicated to specific functions. For instance, a protection core, typically labeled 3P, offers acceptable accuracy for fault…...
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Dec 02, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
Electrical thumb rules for staying safe and alive
How can one stay safe and alive while working in a power system? That’s a good question; however, there are a dozen answers. But let’s start with the first answer. The primary concerns about electrical safety are the unseen nature… Read more
Nov 27, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
