The Problems of Modern Distribution Systems in the Age of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
The evolution of power distribution networks is being shaped by unprecedented growth in distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly rooftop solar and other inverter-based technologies. Traditionally designed for one-way power flow from substations to end-users, distribution systems are now experiencing reverse…...
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Jun 02, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif

What is a Load Flow Study in Power Engineering
Load flow, sometimes known as power flow, are phrases that may be used interchangeably in power engineering. This term refers to a network solution that forecasts steady-state currents, voltages, and both real and reactive power flows across each branch and… Read more
May 26, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Behind upgrading the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation
Let’s look at the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation that needs refurbishing and uprating as an illustration of the complicated mix of concerns that need to be considered. It shows that there are more than just financial factors to…...
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May 19, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Why do power grid crashes and total blackouts happen?
Minimizing the likelihood of blackouts is of the highest importance due to the significant effects that would result from partial or total blackouts in highly industrialized nations. Additional difficulties have been and will be posed by the growing use of…...
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May 12, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Thermal conditions of electrical equipment and temperature monitoring
Loose connections or worn out contact surfaces are the root causes of electrical system conduction troubles. They cause a local temperature increase, which worsens the contact quality even further as the current increases. This causes thermal runaway, which damages the… Read more
May 05, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Pitfalls hidden in determining transformer tank, bushings, insulation, and impedance
Managing specification and assests for large power transformers such as tank, bushings, insulation and short-circuit impedance is quite challenging. One mistake and you’re done! Power transformers play a real critical role in high-voltage transmission systems, providing strict voltage transformation, system…...
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Apr 28, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif

Best practices in earthing of metallic fences in HV outdoor substations
It is recommended that all substations have a perimeter fence surrounding the area where the electrical equipment is housed. As far as security measures go, it is the first line of defense. For the extra layer of protection, competent workers… Read more
Apr 21, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

MCC Circuit Featuring Auto Re-Closure Relay Functionality
An MCC circuit of a motor could be based on the Direct Online Starter (DOL) or Star Delta Starter which has something to do with the requirement of the power system in an industry. But it could have additional logics…...
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Apr 14, 2025 | By Umer Nasir

The intricacy of medium-voltage circuit breaker ratings
When you look at the IEC 62271-100 for MV breaker ratings, you will likely find a bunch of rated-something ratings. It could be hard for young engineers to catch up with all ratings, especially since several ratings are similar in… Read more
Apr 07, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Four most important power transformer analyses
To be clear, nowadays, you can perform dozens of analyses on a transformer, and all of them are very important. However, it should not be that hard to separate a few of them, the most important ones. Let’s discuss insulation,…...
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Mar 31, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif

Alarms Coming From the Shunt Reactor You Must Never Ignore (and what should be done)
Nowadays, monitoring of transformers and shunt reactors is pretty much common. However, the difference is in the nuances. There are dozens of parameters that can be monitored and the the overall cost is not negligible at all. There are many…...
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Mar 24, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Seven steps to improve visual impact of a power substation
The aesthetics of the substation should be of greatest significance to the community. To ensure environmental compatibility and community acceptance, it is vital to involve the community in the early stages of a project. It is possible that environmental impact… Read more
Mar 17, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Design of Auto/Manual Changeover Logic Between Two Busbars Within a Substation
In any industry/plant, the operations rely heavily on interruption free supply of power to meet the targets of production. As a result, we see emergency generators, UPSs or renewable energy sources to save us from complete shutdown. This back-up or…...
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Mar 10, 2025 | By Umer Nasir

What is Time Grading in Relay Protection
What are time grading and relay coordination in protection philosophy? Let’s try to figure out how to grade (or rank) the relays’ operation times so that the one nearest the problem operates first. In Radial Distribution Systems, time-graded protection works… Read more
Mar 07, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi

Execution of a Turnkey Substation Project: How not to step on the same rake again
Behind the successful execution of a turnkey substation project is always successful project management. Young engineers working on the execution of substation projects often repeat the same mistakes that often lead to unforeseen project costs. Generally speaking, management of turnkey…...
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Mar 03, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
