SF6 Gas Monitoring and Alarming Practices in Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Systems
This article provides guidance on how to conduct gas monitoring and explains the various alerts that can be set. The many sorts of defects that might lead to partial discharges are discussed, and various partial discharge measuring techniques are described,… Read more
Apr 10, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Design Knowhow: Low voltage substation layouts, earthing, fire protection and tests
The design of a low-voltage substation is a pretty complex and quite exciting job to do. If the designer would have complete freedom to make decisions regarding the substation layout, equipment, or cable routes, the job will be even more…...
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Apr 03, 2023 | By Mohammed Ayman

What is the substation automation system (SAS) and what you MUST know about it
Substation automation system, or shorten SAS, is not a new term, its been in use for the last 30 years. However, substation automation as a technology has rapidly evolved in the last 10 years and nowadays represents a highly advanced…...
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Mar 27, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Technical specification of switchyard equipment in a nutshell (how-to guidelines and advice)
This article provides details on the various types of switchyard equipment, including power transformers, circuit breakers, disconnectors, and more. The technical specifications (or tender specifications) for each individual piece of equipment are laid forth. The related course, guide or article…...
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Mar 20, 2023 | By Salem Alshahrani

The essentials of pumping, pump speed and flow rate control that engineers MUST know
Around twenty five percent of the energy that is consumed by electric motors worldwide is accounted for by pumping systems, and certain industrial facilities use anywhere from twenty-five to fifty percent of the total electrical energy available. There are significant… Read more
Mar 13, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Specific electrical design tips for a few most common types of commercial facilities
This technical article covers some specific considerations (modern power supply, electric distribution, transportation, lighting controls, and communication systems) for a few most common type of commercial facilities such as banks, colleges and universities, fire stations, health care facilities and office…...
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Mar 06, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Three-phase basics and terms that students often mix
We all know that an electric current needs a circuit (a complete circle) before it can flow. A single-phase wye circuit can be a phase and a neutral with the current flowing through the “hot” wire and returning to the…...
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Feb 27, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

The art of fire protection and measures in Air-Insulated Substations (AIS)
These days, the dependability of the infrastructure used to distribute energy to customers is a key metric for evaluating electrical utility companies. A single unscheduled interruption may be disastrous for a utility company’s finances and reputation. Most customers lack the…...
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Feb 20, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

Close and charging motor control circuits for a power circuit breaker explained in detail
This technical article deals with schematics of close and charging motor control circuits for a medium-voltage circuit breaker. The proper functioning of MV switchgear depends on control circuits. For the switchgear to operate properly, the integrity of these control circuits… Read more
Feb 13, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

The art of achieving synchronous motor transient stability (especially in weak grids)
Since the subject of this article is somewhat not-that-easy to understand, I suggest starting with the basics of the synchronous motor. In the synchronous motor, the basic magnetic field is obtained by direct current excitation rather than through the air…...
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Feb 06, 2023 | By Salem Alshahrani

Switchgear interlocking system and arc protection that you MUST consider in the design
There are at least two safety requirements that medium-voltage switchgear MUST fulfil: an interlocking system and an arc protection system. Yes, these two systems are crucial in terms of safety because they protect not only the operator and other substation…...
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Jan 30, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

A case study of a new 220 kV Gas-Insulated Switchyard (GIS) design for a generation plant
This technical article describes detailed planning and design phases of a new 220 kV Gas-Insulated Switchyard (GIS) in a 450 megawatt (MW) coal-fired combined heat and power plant (CHP) that was being considered for Ulaanbataar, Mongolia. The project is assumed…...
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Jan 23, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

The life of a power substation project: Design, construction, erection and commissioning
This technical article covers numerous substation project design elements, lists the steps of the construction process, and examines the environmental impacts and impact mitigation strategies for power transmission and distribution substation projects. Most projects suffer due to lack of capability…...
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Jan 16, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi

The art of predicting the fate of a power transformer by looking into a cup of oil
Insulation medium is an indispensable part of a power transformer, and the interesting thing about it is that it can drop dead at any time. Most of the time, this doesn’t happen, but… This article presents the transformer oil features…...
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Jan 09, 2023 | By Salem Alshahrani

Six different ways to start a medium-voltage motor you should know about
The AC induction motor is a key component of the modern world economy. These motors are used in industrial facilities all over the world to power the equipment that boosts productivity and efficiency. However, during motor start-up, many industrial activities… Read more
Jan 02, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
